The Last Temptation Songwriting Credits by Ja Rule

Ja Rule writes his own verses on every track here, and the credits show a Murder Inc. house system rather than outside songwriters for hire: his writing name (Jeffrey Bruce Atkins) is paired track after track with Irv Gotti (Irving Domingo Lorenzo Jr.) and Chink Santana (Andre Parker), the label's core production duo, plus whichever guest is on the hook, so Ashanti, Nas, and 2Pac all carry writing credit on the songs they appear on. The outside names that do show up come almost entirely from interpolations and samples rather than co-writes: Stevie Wonder, Toto's David Paich and Jeff Porcaro, Lenny Kravitz, Raphael Saadiq, and the Gwen McCrae and Soul Children writing teams all earn credit because their original recordings were sampled or interpolated, not because they wrote new material for the album. The one track without a documented writer or producer credit is the 21-second 'Intro,' which no source attributes to anyone.