Reasonable Doubt cover art

  Studio Album · No. 1

Reasonable Doubt Songwriting Credits by Jay-Z

1996 Roc-A-Fella / Priority 14 tracks 56 min

Produced by Ski, Clark Kent, DJ Premier, DJ Irv, Knobody, Sean C, Dahoud, Dame Dash, Big Jaz, Peter Panic  ·  Engineered by Kenny Ortíz, Joe Quinde, Eddie Sancho, Carlos Bess

Roc-A-Fella / Priority Hip-HopEast Coast Hip-HopMafioso Rap
100%
Authorship
Complete Artist

Holds writing credit on 14 of 14 tracks

Authorship Breakdown 14 / 14 documented

Who wrote the songs?

Scored across the 14 tracks with documented writers, by whether Jay-Z carries a lyricist or composer credit.

100%
14 trackswritten by Jay-Z 0 tracksoutside writers
Jay-Z's roles on this album

Share of the 14 tracks where a band member is credited, by role.

Lyricist100%
Composer0%
Producer0%
Performer100%

By the Numbers

14
Tracks
5
Lyricists
10
Producers
1 million
US Copies Sold
1996
Released
Data Insight

Reasonable Doubt is the clearest illustration of Jay-Z's authorship model at its source: he wrote all the words, and the music credit goes entirely to his producers and the records they sampled. The composer column lists Ski, DJ Premier, Clark Kent, and Irv Gotti alongside soul and jazz writers like Lonnie Liston Smith, while Jay-Z sits alone in the lyricist column on most tracks, joined only when another rapper takes a verse. It is a near-perfect lyricist score over production he did not write.

Reasonable Doubt is the debut studio album by Jay-Z, released in June 1996 on his own Roc-A-Fella Records through Priority. It is widely regarded as his finest work and a cornerstone of mafioso rap, trading in dense, detailed narratives of hustling, ambition, and the moral cost of the street life he was leaving behind. Jay-Z wrote every verse himself, and the album pairs his writing with a tight circle of New York producers, including Ski, DJ Premier, Clark Kent, and Irv Gotti, who built its soul- and jazz-sampling sound. The guest list is a snapshot of mid-90s New York, with the Notorious B.I.G. trading verses on 'Brooklyn's Finest' and Foxy Brown on the hit 'Ain't No Nigga.' Though it sold modestly at first, it was certified platinum years later and now sits near the top of most rankings of the greatest hip-hop albums.

Track Listing & Credits 14 tracks

Written by the artist Written by outside writers
#TitleLyricist(s)Composer(s)Producer(s)Performers
1
Can't Knock the Hustle
Jay-Z Marcus MillerJerome Foster KnobodySean CDahoud Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)Mary J. Blige (Featured Vocals)
2
Politics as Usual
Jay-Z David WillisCynthia Biggs Ski Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
3
Brooklyn's Finest
Jay-ZThe Notorious B.I.G. Rodolfo Franklin Clark KentDame Dash Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)The Notorious B.I.G. (Featured Vocals)
4
Dead Presidents II
Jay-Z Lonnie Liston SmithDavid Willis Ski Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
5
Feelin' It
Jay-Z David Willis Ski Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)Mecca (Featured Vocals)
6
D'Evils
Jay-Z Christopher Martin DJ Premier Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
7
22 Two's
Jay-Z David Willis Ski Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
8
Can I Live
Jay-Z Irving Lorenzo DJ Irv Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
9
Ain't No Nigga #50
Jay-ZFoxy Brown Jonathan Burks Big Jaz Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)Foxy Brown (Featured Vocals)
10
Friend or Foe
Jay-Z Christopher Martin DJ Premier Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
11
Coming of Age
Jay-Z Rodolfo FranklinJames Mtume Clark Kent Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)Memphis Bleek (Featured Vocals)
12
Cashmere Thoughts
Jay-Z Rodolfo Franklin Clark Kent Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)
13
Bring It On
Jay-ZJaz-OSauce Money Christopher Martin DJ Premier Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)Jaz-O (Featured Vocals)Sauce Money (Featured Vocals)
14
Regrets
Jay-Z Patty F. Di Pasquale Peter Panic Jay-Z (Lead Vocals)

Songwriter & Credit Spotlight 29 contributors

More from Jay-Z

Frequently Asked Questions Reasonable Doubt

Did Jay-Z write Reasonable Doubt himself?
Yes. Jay-Z wrote all of his own verses, as he does throughout his catalog. The music came from producers including Ski, DJ Premier, Clark Kent, and Irv Gotti.
Who produced Reasonable Doubt?
The album was produced by a circle of New York beatmakers, mainly Ski, with Clark Kent, DJ Premier, Irv Gotti, and others handling individual tracks.
Who are the guests on Reasonable Doubt?
The Notorious B.I.G. appears on 'Brooklyn's Finest,' Foxy Brown on 'Ain't No Nigga,' and Mary J. Blige on 'Can't Knock the Hustle,' among others.
Was Reasonable Doubt a commercial success?
It sold modestly on release but was certified platinum in 2002 and is now regarded as one of the greatest hip-hop albums ever made.
What kind of album is Reasonable Doubt?
It is a mafioso-rap record, full of intricate storytelling about hustling, wealth, and guilt, built on soul and jazz samples.
What samples are on Reasonable Doubt?
The album samples soul and jazz records, including Lonnie Liston Smith on 'Dead Presidents II' and Marcus Miller on 'Can't Knock the Hustle.'

Sources